{"id":94,"date":"2026-08-11T19:07:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.theopenpc.com\/?p=94"},"modified":"2026-08-11T19:07:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:07:43","slug":"usb_boot_baremetal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.theopenpc.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/11\/usb_boot_baremetal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8001PC\u4eceU\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u88f8\u673a\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u884c\u4e0d\u884c\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.theopenpc.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/10\/baremetal_x86_kernel\/\">\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u88f8\u673a\u201c\u5185\u6838\u201d\uff0c\u5728QEMU\u91cc\u8dd1\u5f97\u5f88\u5f00\u5fc3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u628a\u201c\u62ff\u771f\u673a\u5f00\u5200\u201d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5751\u7559\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c31\u6765\u586b\u5751\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<strong>\u8001PC\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4eceU\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u88f8\u673a\u5185\u6838\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u628a\u7b54\u6848\u653e\u8fd9\uff1a\u80fd\u3002\u5927\u7ea62003\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u3001BIOS\u91cc\u6709USB\u542f\u52a8\u9009\u9879\u7684\u673a\u5668\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4f46\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u90a3\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\u76f4\u63a5dd\u8fdbU\u76d8\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u771f\u673a\u4e0a\u4f1a\u7ffb\u8f66\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662fBIOS\u538b\u6839\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2aU\u76d8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bfb\u76d8\u8bfb\u51fa\u4e00\u5806\u5783\u573e\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed9\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u505a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5751\u90fd\u586b\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">U\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff1aBIOS\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u62df\u5927\u6cd5\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1aBIOS\u53c8\u4e0d\u61c2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u201cUSB\u542f\u52a8\u534f\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4eceU\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u6a21\u62df\uff08emulation\uff09\uff1aBIOS\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u7f6e\u7684USB\u9a71\u52a8\u628aU\u76d8\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u5757\u666e\u901a\u786c\u76d8\uff08USB-HDD\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u6216\u8f6f\u76d8\uff08USB-FDD\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7167\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9bINT 13h\u8bfb\u76d8\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u7167\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u201c\u642c\u8fd0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u52300x7C00\u201d\u7684\u8001\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cU\u76d8\u201c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u786c\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u542c\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u4e2a\u5751\u6b63\u662f\u85cf\u5728\u8fd9\u5957\u6a21\u62df\u91cc\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5751\u4e00\uff1aCHS\u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u662fBIOS\u73b0\u7f16\u7684\u3002<\/strong>U\u76d8\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u67f1\u9762\u3001\u78c1\u5934\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u6210\u201c\u786c\u76d8\u201d\u65f6\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5168\u9760BIOS\u5373\u5174\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u4e0d\u540cBIOS\u7f16\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u7528CHS\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u76d8\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6BIOS\u7f16\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u7684\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e00\u9ed1\u5230\u5e95\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5751\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e0d\u5c11BIOS\u8ba4\u5206\u533a\u8868\u3002<\/strong>\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u5728U\u76d8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u50cf\u6837\u7684MBR\u5206\u533a\u8868\uff0c\u624d\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u786c\u76d8\u201d\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u533a\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7bBIOS\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7U\u76d8\uff0c\u8fde\u673a\u4f1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ed9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5347\u7ea7\u4e00\uff1a\u6539\u7528INT 13h\u6269\u5c55\u8bfb\uff08LBA\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6cbbCHS\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\uff1a\u4e0d\u7528CHS\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684BIOS\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u201cINT 13h\u6269\u5c55\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528LBA\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u5757\u5730\u5740\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf4\u201c\u4ece\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u51e0\u4e2a\u201d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7ed5\u5f00\u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u7406\u6e05\u8ba1\u6570\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u201c\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u7528CHS\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u67f1\u97620\u3001\u78c1\u59340\u3001\u6247\u533a2\uff08CHS\u7684\u6247\u533a\u4ece1\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6362\u6210LBA\u5c31\u662fLBA 1\uff08LBA\u4ece0\u6570\uff0cLBA 0\u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7528\u6cd5\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a\u5148\u7528\u529f\u80fd41h\u63a2\u6d4b\u6269\u5c55\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u7528\u529f\u80fd42h\u8bfb\u300242h\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u585e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u586b\u4e00\u4e2a16\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u201c\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u201d\uff08Disk Address Packet\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"asm\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">    ; \u5148\u95eeBIOS\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u652f\u6301INT 13h\u6269\u5c55\u5417\uff1f\n    mov ah, 0x41\n    mov bx, 0x55aa\n    mov dl, [BOOT_DRIVE]\n    int 0x13\n    jc use_chs                  ; \u4e0d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u8001\u5f0fCHS\u8bfb\n    cmp bx, 0xaa55\n    jne use_chs\n\n    ; \u652f\u6301\u6269\u5c55\uff1a\u7528LBA\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1BIOS\u73b0\u7f16\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\n    mov si, dap\n    mov ah, 0x42\n    mov dl, [BOOT_DRIVE]\n    int 0x13\n    jc disk_error\n\n    ...\n\n; ---- \u6269\u5c55\u8bfb\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5305\uff08Disk Address Packet\uff09----\ndap:\n    db 0x10                     ; \u5305\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a16\u5b57\u8282\n    db 0                        ; \u4fdd\u7559\n    dw 16                       ; \u8981\u8bfb\u7684\u6247\u533a\u6570\n    dw KERNEL_ADDR              ; \u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u504f\u79fb\n    dw 0                        ; \u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u6bb5\n    dq 1                        ; \u8d77\u59cbLBA\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u5728LBA 1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684CHS\u8bfb\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u515c\u5e95\uff08use_chs\u5206\u652f\uff09\uff1a\u4e07\u4e00\u78b0\u4e0a\u771f\u00b7\u4e0a\u53e4BIOS\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6269\u5c55\uff08\u591a\u89c1\u4e8e\u8f6f\u76d8\u6a21\u62df\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u9000\u56de\u8001\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e24\u5934\u90fd\u7167\u987e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5347\u7ea7\u4e8c\uff1a\u7ed9\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a\u585e\u4e00\u5f20\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MBR\u7684512\u5b57\u8282\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u683c\u5c40\u7684\uff1a\u524d446\u5b57\u8282\u5f52\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u676564\u5b57\u8282\u662f4\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u8868\u9879\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a16\u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e2\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u9b54\u65700xAA55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ee3\u7801\u79bb446\u5b57\u8282\u8fd8\u8fdc\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u628a\u5206\u533a\u8868\u8865\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e13\u6cbb\u5751\u4e8c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"asm\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">; ---- \u5206\u533a\u8868\uff1a\u6709\u4e9bBIOS\u8981\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u624d\u80af\u628aU\u76d8\u5f53\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u786c\u76d8 ----\ntimes 446-($-$$) db 0           ; \u5f15\u5bfc\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u5230\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\uff08446\u5b57\u8282\uff09\n    ; \u5206\u533a1\uff1a\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b0x0C\uff08FAT32 LBA\uff09\uff0cLBA 2048\u8d77\uff0c\u51712048\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\n    db 0x80                     ; 0x80 = \u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u6807\u5fd7\n    db 0x20, 0x21, 0x00         ; \u8d77\u59cbCHS\uff08\u6309255\u78c1\u5934\/63\u6247\u533a\u6298\u7b97\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u8001BIOS\u53c2\u8003\uff09\n    db 0x0c                     ; \u5206\u533a\u7c7b\u578b\n    db 0x41, 0x01, 0x00         ; \u7ed3\u675fCHS\uff08\u540c\u4e0a\uff09\n    dd 2048                     ; \u8d77\u59cbLBA\n    dd 2048                     ; \u6247\u533a\u6570\uff081MB\uff09\n    times 48 db 0               ; \u5206\u533a2\u30013\u30014\uff1a\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u6e05\u96f6\ndw 0xaa55                       ; \u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a\u9b54\u6570<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u6f14\u7ed9BIOS\u770b\u201d\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u4eceLBA 2048\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u6838\u653e\u5728LBA 1\u523016\u2014\u2014\u85cf\u5728\u5206\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7a7a\u9699\u91cc\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u533a\u5de5\u5177\u7ba1\u8fd9\u6bb5\u53ebMBR gap\uff0cGRUB\u4e5f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u585e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b97\u662f\u8e6d\u4e86\u4e2a\u6b63\u89c4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002\u5206\u533a\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u7684FAT\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cBIOS\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u8bb2\u7a76\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e4b\u540e\u771f\u7684\u628a\u5b83\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6210FAT\u653e\u70b9\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e0d\u803d\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b8c\u6574\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5347\u7ea7\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684boot.asm\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86boot_usb.asm\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u5207\u6362\u3001GDT\u548c\u6253\u5370\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u7684kernel_entry.asm\u548ckernel.c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0d\u7528\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"asm\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">[org 0x7c00]\n[bits 16]\n\nKERNEL_ADDR equ 0x8000          ; \u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\n\n    ; BIOS\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u5148\u81ea\u5df1\u6e05\u96f6\n    xor ax, ax\n    mov ds, ax\n    mov es, ax\n    mov ss, ax\n    mov sp, 0x7c00\n\n    mov [BOOT_DRIVE], dl        ; BIOS\u628a\u542f\u52a8\u76d8\u53f7\u653e\u5728DL\u91cc\uff0c\u5148\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\n\n    mov si, msg_real\n    call print_string\n\n    ; \u5148\u95eeBIOS\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u652f\u6301INT 13h\u6269\u5c55\u5417\uff1f\n    mov ah, 0x41\n    mov bx, 0x55aa\n    mov dl, [BOOT_DRIVE]\n    int 0x13\n    jc use_chs                  ; \u4e0d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u8001\u5f0fCHS\u8bfb\n    cmp bx, 0xaa55\n    jne use_chs\n\n    ; \u652f\u6301\u6269\u5c55\uff1a\u7528LBA\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1BIOS\u7ed9U\u76d8\u73b0\u7f16\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\n    mov si, dap\n    mov ah, 0x42\n    mov dl, [BOOT_DRIVE]\n    int 0x13\n    jc disk_error\n    jmp load_ok\n\nuse_chs:                        ; \u515c\u5e95\uff1a\u8001\u5f0fCHS\u8bfb\uff08\u548c\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u76f8\u540c\uff09\n    mov ah, 0x02\n    mov al, 16\n    mov ch, 0\n    mov dh, 0\n    mov cl, 2\n    mov dl, [BOOT_DRIVE]\n    mov bx, KERNEL_ADDR\n    int 0x13\n    jc disk_error\n\nload_ok:\n    mov si, msg_load\n    call print_string\n\n    ; \u8fdb\u5165\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u548c\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff09\n    cli\n    lgdt [gdt_descriptor]\n    mov eax, cr0\n    or eax, 1\n    mov cr0, eax\n    jmp CODE_SEG:protected_mode_start\n\ndisk_error:\n    mov si, msg_disk_err\n    call print_string\n    jmp $\n\n; \u5b9e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u6253\u5370\u51fd\u6570\uff1aSI = 0\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\nprint_string:\n    xor bx, bx\n.loop:\n    lodsb\n    or al, al\n    jz .done\n    mov ah, 0x0e\n    int 0x10\n    jmp .loop\n.done:\n    ret\n\n; ---- \u6269\u5c55\u8bfb\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5305\uff08Disk Address Packet\uff09----\ndap:\n    db 0x10                     ; \u5305\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a16\u5b57\u8282\n    db 0                        ; \u4fdd\u7559\n    dw 16                       ; \u8981\u8bfb\u7684\u6247\u533a\u6570\n    dw KERNEL_ADDR              ; \u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u504f\u79fb\n    dw 0                        ; \u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u6bb5\n    dq 1                        ; \u8d77\u59cbLBA\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u5728LBA 1\uff08LBA\u4ece0\u6570\uff0c0\u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a\uff09\n\n[bits 32]\nprotected_mode_start:\n    mov ax, DATA_SEG\n    mov ds, ax\n    mov es, ax\n    mov fs, ax\n    mov gs, ax\n    mov ss, ax\n    mov esp, 0x90000\n\n    call KERNEL_ADDR            ; \u8df3\u8fdb\u5185\u6838\uff01\n    jmp $\n\n; ---- GDT\uff1a\u5e73\u5766\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u548c\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff09----\ngdt_start:\n    dq 0\ngdt_code:\n    dw 0xffff, 0x0000\n    db 0x00, 10011010b, 11001111b, 0x00\ngdt_data:\n    dw 0xffff, 0x0000\n    db 0x00, 10010010b, 11001111b, 0x00\ngdt_end:\n\ngdt_descriptor:\n    dw gdt_end - gdt_start - 1\n    dd gdt_start\n\nCODE_SEG equ gdt_code - gdt_start\nDATA_SEG equ gdt_data - gdt_start\n\nBOOT_DRIVE   db 0\nmsg_real     db \"[boot] USB boot, hello!\", 13, 10, 0\nmsg_load     db \"[boot] Kernel loaded, entering protected mode...\", 13, 10, 0\nmsg_disk_err db \"[boot] Disk read error :(\", 13, 10, 0\n\n; ---- \u5206\u533a\u8868\uff1a\u6709\u4e9bBIOS\u8981\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u624d\u80af\u628aU\u76d8\u5f53\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u786c\u76d8 ----\ntimes 446-($-$$) db 0           ; \u5f15\u5bfc\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u5230\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\uff08446\u5b57\u8282\uff09\n    ; \u5206\u533a1\uff1a\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b0x0C\uff08FAT32 LBA\uff09\uff0cLBA 2048\u8d77\uff0c\u51712048\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\n    db 0x80                     ; 0x80 = \u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u6807\u5fd7\n    db 0x20, 0x21, 0x00         ; \u8d77\u59cbCHS\uff08\u6309255\u78c1\u5934\/63\u6247\u533a\u6298\u7b97\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u8001BIOS\u53c2\u8003\uff09\n    db 0x0c                     ; \u5206\u533a\u7c7b\u578b\n    db 0x41, 0x01, 0x00         ; \u7ed3\u675fCHS\uff08\u540c\u4e0a\uff09\n    dd 2048                     ; \u8d77\u59cbLBA\n    dd 2048                     ; \u6247\u533a\u6570\uff081MB\uff09\n    times 48 db 0               ; \u5206\u533a2\u30013\u30014\uff1a\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u6e05\u96f6\ndw 0xaa55                       ; \u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a\u9b54\u6570<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5236\u4f5c\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u5148\u5728QEMU\u91cc\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"shell\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">nasm -f bin boot_usb.asm -o boot_usb.bin\n# \u5185\u6838\u4e09\u4ef6\u5957\u548c\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\nnasm -f elf32 kernel_entry.asm -o kernel_entry.o\ngcc -m32 -ffreestanding -fno-pie -fno-stack-protector -O2 -c kernel.c -o kernel.o\nld -m elf_i386 -Ttext 0x8000 --oformat binary -o kernel.bin kernel_entry.o kernel.o\ncat boot_usb.bin kernel.bin > usb.img\ntruncate -s 2M usb.img          # 4096\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u628a\u5206\u533a\u8868\u91cc\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u5206\u533a\u88c5\u4e0b<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u505a\u5b8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8ba9fdisk\u9a8c\u4e00\u773c\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u6413\u7684\u5206\u533a\u8868\u5f53\u6210\u6b63\u7ecf\u5206\u533a\u8868\u8ba4\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">$ fdisk -l usb.img\nDisk usb.img: 2 MiB, 2097152 bytes, 4096 sectors\nDisklabel type: dos\n\nDevice     Boot Start   End Sectors Size Id Type\nusb.img1   *     2048  4095    2048   1M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u518d\u8fdbQEMU\u8dd1\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u7167\u5e38\u70b9\u4eae\uff08QEMU\u7684SeaBIOS\u652f\u6301INT 13h\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8d70\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u65b0\u7684LBA\u8def\u5f84\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"shell\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">qemu-system-i386 -drive format=raw,file=usb.img<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5199\u8fdbU\u76d8\uff0c\u771f\u673a\u8d70\u8d77<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8001\u89c4\u77e9\uff1a\/dev\/sdX\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528lsblk\u786e\u8ba4\u6210\u4f60U\u76d8\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\uff0c\u5199\u9519\u76d8\u795e\u4ed9\u4e5f\u6551\u4e0d\u56de\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"shell\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">lsblk\nsudo dd if=usb.img of=\/dev\/sdX bs=1M conv=fsync<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u540e\u6309\u8fd9\u5f20\u6e05\u5355\u4f3a\u5019\u771f\u673a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f00\u673a\u72c2\u6309F2\/F12\/Del\u8fdbBIOS\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u5382\u5546\u6309\u952e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f00\u673a\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u63d0\u793a\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709Legacy\/UEFI\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bdd\u9009Legacy\uff08\u771f\u00b7\u8001\u673a\u5668\u6ca1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5929\u751fLegacy\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\u91cc\u628aUSB-HDD\u6392\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\uff1b\u6709\u7684BIOS\u4f1a\u628aU\u76d8\u76f4\u63a5\u5217\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u5217\u8868\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u987a\u5e8f\u91cc\u628a\u5b83\u63d0\u5230\u6700\u524d\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b58\u91cd\u542f\u3002\u987a\u5229\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u90a3\u4e24\u884c\u719f\u6089\u7684\u95ee\u5019\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\u7684\u8bdd\uff1aUSB-HDD\u4e0d\u884c\u5c31\u6362USB-FDD\u3001USB-ZIP\u6a21\u5f0f\u6328\u4e2a\u8bd5\uff1b\u8fd8\u4e0d\u884c\u5c31\u6362\u4e2aU\u76d8\uff08\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u8001\u7684U\u76d8\u53cd\u800c\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8001BIOS\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u540e\u7684\u515c\u5e95\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u673a\u5668\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u8001\uff08\u5927\u7ea62003\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff09\uff0cBIOS\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u6709USB\u542f\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/www.plop.at\/en\/bootmanager\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PLoP Boot Manager<\/a>\u66f2\u7ebf\u6551\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u628a\u5b83\u523b\u6210\u5149\u76d8\u6216\u5199\u8fdb\u8f6f\u76d8\uff0c\u4ece\u5149\u76d8\/\u8f6f\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u81ea\u5e26\u7684USB\u9a71\u52a8\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9U\u76d8\u3002\u8001\u673a\u5668\u591a\u534a\u6709\u5149\u9a71\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u8d70\u5f97\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56de\u5230\u6807\u9898\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8001PC\u4eceU\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\u88f8\u673a\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u884c\u4e0d\u884c\uff1f<strong>\u884c\u3002<\/strong>BIOS\u652f\u6301USB\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff08\u5927\u7ea62003\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff09\uff0c\u914d\u4e0a\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5347\u7ea7\u2014\u2014LBA\u8bfb\u76d8\u9632\u51e0\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7ffb\u8f66\u3001\u5206\u533a\u8868\u9632BIOS\u4e0d\u8ba4\u76d8\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u9760\u8c31\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1b\u66f4\u8001\u7684\u673a\u5668\u8fd8\u6709PLoP\u515c\u5e95\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c0f\u7f16\u5728QEMU 6.2\u91cc\u5b8c\u6574\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\uff08fdisk\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u771f\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6392\u5751\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u8001\u673a\u5668\u7684BIOS\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u813e\u6c14\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u624b\u5934\u6b63\u597d\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u5403\u7070\u7684\u8001\u4f19\u8ba1\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u62a5\u544a\u6218\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u8981\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u8be5\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u5b66\u4f1a\u54cd\u5e94\u952e\u76d8\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e00\u76f4\u81ea\u8a00\u81ea\u8bed\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4e8b\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ecb\u7ecd 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